The following descriptions provide brief overviews of each main mtDNA haplogroup’s origin and geographic distribution. It can be found in the far north of South Asia. Most researchers consider the birthplace of F to have been born in Central Asia. It is a child of haplogroup R9. A “Copernican” reassessment of the human mitochondrial DNA tree from its root, MitoTool: a web server for the analysis and retrieval of human mitochondrial DNA sequence variations, An update to MitoTool: using a new scoring system for faster mtDNA haplogroup determination, Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation, Ian Logan’s Instructions for mtGenome Genbank Donation, Genetic Genealogy Consultant – Ugo Perego, Released 28 Dec 2011; Last Build to use the rCRS, Released 5 Apr 2012; First version to use the RSRS. See: Poznik. High frequencies of the clade are found among the Lahu from Yunnan (33% - 77%, average 52%), Nicobar Islands (50%), Shors from Kemerovo Oblast of Siberia (41%), and Arunachal Pradesh, India (31%). Subclades – including some major haplogroups – are widespread in modern populations of the Caucasus, Middle East, South Asia, Europe, South East Asia, Pacific Islands and Native Americans. [2] Subsequent updates have been quarterly and biannual. In addition, K-Y28299, which appears to be a primary branch of K-M2313, has been found in three living individuals from India. It serves as the main repository for mtDNA full sequence profiles. Note: This information does not imply an endorsement of YFull or their methods. ), Estimated time that F split from C = 70,000–75,000 BP; estimated time when G split from HIJK = 45,000-50,000. [12][13] F1 (P91), F2 (M427) and F3 (M481; previously F5) are all highly rare and virtually exclusive to regions/ethnic minorities in Sri Lanka, India, Nepal, South China, Thailand, Burma, and Vietnam. Note that the age of mitochondrial haplogroups is much more difficult to estimate than Y-DNA haplogroups, due to the tiny sequence of mtDNA and the few number of mutations available. Age [24] Xi'an (1/34, Kim 2011 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKim2011 (help)),[24], Haplogroup F-M89 has also been observed in Northeast Africa among two Christian period individuals, who were excavated on the Nile's Fourth Cataract and on Meroe Island. [20], Three less certain cases, which have not been tested for all subclades of GHIJK, have been found among Neolithic remains in Europe. ... Deng et al, Evolution and Migration History of the Chinese Population Inferred from the Chinese Y-chromosome Evidence. Several li… Like J1-P58, E-M34 it is also shared with their Semitic cousins, the Jews. Learn how your comment data is processed. While the earlier migration of haplogroups C and D had followed the coasts of South Asia as far as Oceania and the Far East, haplogroup F penetrated through the Arabian peninsula and settled in the Middle East. The location of this lineage's first expansion and rise to prevalence appears to have been in the Indian Subcontinent, or somewhere close to it, and most of the descendant subclades and haplogroups appear to have radiated outward from South Asia and/or ne… ISOGG states that F(xG,H,I,J,K) has not been well studied, occurs "infrequently" in modern populations and peaks in South Asia, especially Sri Lanka. Recent migration patterns have altered the global distribution of this haplogroup, but that ancient history is written in his DNA and being able to read that and identify his maternal haplogroup connects him to that history. HIJK in turn splits into H (L901/M2939) and IJK (F-L15). It is considered to be a foundational haplogroup of all known patrilineal lineages within the confines of modern human history whose place of origin is believed to be in Africa. Required fields are marked *. Its distribution extends with low frequency to the Tharu of southern Nepal and the Bashkirs of the southern Urals. [25], This subclade is defined by the SNP P91. First appeared in N. Africa about 45,000 years ago and is believed to exhibit a “second-wave” of expansion exiting Africa. This timeline is an overview of the F branch’s history from the first early people to the birth of the first woman from the F lineage. Haplogroup A. Haplogroup A is found in eastern Eurasia and throughout the Americas. This ancient haplogroup may have first appeared in North Africa some 45,000 years before present. ), Haplogroup M, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1b. History. I am working on changing results over to build 17. A lack of precise, high resolution testing in the past makes it difficult to discuss F*, F1, F2* and F3* separately. There is also an important frequency in Taiwanese aborigines, Khakas, Kets, Han Chinese (and, thus, nearly all of China), Lombok, Sumba, Thailand, and Vietnam. However, the location of this lineage's first expansion and rise to dominance appears to have been in India or somewhere close to it within South Asia or the Middle East; all of Haplogroup F's descendant haplogroups also show a pattern of radiation from South Asia (haplogroups H and K) or the Middle East (haplogroups G and IJ). In 2002, the major research groups came together and formed the Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC). Haplogroup A0-T is also known as A-L1085 (and previously as A0'1'2'3'4). The last major update was in 2008. [9] in addition to GHIJK, haplogroup F has three other immediate descendant subclades: F1 (P91/P104), F2 (M427/M428), and F3 (M481). The International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG) also provides an amateur tree. Each build is a major update to the tree. Haplogroup CF, also known as CF-P143 and CT(xDE), is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.This paternal lineage is defined by the SNP P143. Links may not copy to new sheet. Haplogroup F, also known as F-M89 and previously as Haplogroup FT is a very common Y-chromosome haplogroup. The current build is #17. I0411 (Troc 4), who lived 7,195–7,080 years BP, was found in the Els Trocs cave, near Bisaurri (modern Spain) – while haplogroups G, I1 (I-M450; I-S247) J, L1b2, Q1b1, Q1a2a, R1a1a1 (R-L449), R1b1a2b1a (R-M35) and T were ruled out,[20] I2a1b1 and R1b1a2 were found in other remains from the same site (Troc 5 and Troc 2). Haplogroup F was in the original migration out of Africa, or else it was founded soon afterward, because F and its sub-haplogroups are primarily found outside, with very few inside, sub-Saharan Africa. The following members of the community offer paid consulting for those seeking help with mtDNA results. Basal GHIJK has never been found, either in living males or ancient remains. mtDNA Haplogroup F1a Phylotree History. Haplogroup E at 50kya is considerably older than these haplogroups and has been observed at frequencies frequencies of 80-92% in Africa. [10] A regional breakdown was provided by Chiaroni et al (2009): 10% in South India; 8% in Central India; about 1.0% in North India and Western India, as well as 5% in Pakistan; 10% in Sri Lanka; >4% among the Tamang people of Nepal; 2% in Borneo and Java; 4-5% in Sulawesi and Lembata in Southeast Asia. 9. Prior to 2002, there were in academic literature at least seven naming systems for the Y-Chromosome Phylogenetic tree. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Haplogroup CF, also known as CF-P143 and CF(xDE), is a human male Y-DNA haplogroup.Macrohaplogroup CF is defined by the SNP P143.. No living males or human remains belonging to the basal paragroup CF* have yet been discovered. It is sometimes believed to represent a "second-wave" of expansion out of Africa. [12], In Iran, 2.3% of Bandari males from Hormozgan Province have been found to carry basal F-M89. It is part of populations as far north as the Evenks of Central Siberia and as far south as the Kadazan of Borneo. It is provided at the request of readers. This allows a researcher reviewing older published literature to quickly move between nomenclatures. [29] (Only the first three levels of subclades are shown. Haplogroup K2a (M2308) and its primary subclade K-M2313 were separated from Haplogroup NO (F549) in 2016. Its existence and distribution are inferred from the fact that haplogroups descended from CF include most human males – and a vast majority … ), This is the official scientific tree produced by the Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC). Several independent studies conclude that haplogroup H probably evolved in West Asia c. 25,000 years ago. The TMRCA of the Loloish cluster from North Thailand and the Y-DNA of the Phuan individual from Central Thailand has been estimated to be 12,675 years before present. It is primarily found throughout South Asia, Southeast Asia and parts of East Asia. The G2 branch of this lineage (containing the P15 mutation) is found most often in the Europe and the Middle East. Haplogroup F is a branch on the maternal tree of human kind. The branch of the F Haplogroup defined by M9 is known as the K haplogroup, now found in small numbers in the Subcontinent, Oceania and Australia. (Behar et al., 2012b). Copyright © 2013 - 2021 Rebekah A. Canada | All Rights Reserved | Powered by WordPress & The PODs Framework. The scientifically accepted one is the Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC) one published in Karafet 2008[2] and subsequently updated. It was likely born in the Central Asia around 43,000 years ago. Haplogroup G fo… 10. (Behar et al., 2012b) Origin. Samples come both from published academic literature and donations from genetic genealogy community members. Haplogroup F1a is a branch on the maternal tree of human kind. The descendants of the haplogroup IJK include the clades I, J, K, and, ultimately, several major haplogroups descended from Haplogroup K, namely: haplogroups M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, L, and T. It is estimated that the SNP M89 appeared 38,700–55,700 years ago, most likely in South Asia[2][10] or Southeast Asia[11] It has also been suggested by previous research that F-M89 first appeared in the Arabian Peninsula, Levant or North Africa, about 43,800–56,800 years ago,. (pdf) Journal of Human Genetics, 49:339-348, 2004. (Previously the name Haplogroup M was assigned to K2b1d. It is maintained by Dr. Mannis Van Oven. Haplogroup E1b1b is considered the prime candidate for the origin and dispersal of Afro-Asiatic languages across northern and eastern Africa and south-west Asia. Haplogroups BT and CT are found predominantly in Africa but separated by about 50,000 years or possible origin; Haplogroup F is found predominantly in Eurasia starting about 65,900 years ago. Has been shown to be of non-Scandinavian origin, despite its nominal link with haplogroup I, a heavily Scandinavian segment. (2018) based on the similar coalescence dates of L3 and its Eurasian-distributed M and N derivative clades (ca. This led to considerable confusion. Phylotree.org is the maternal (mtDNA) tree of humanity. However, the possibility of misidentification is considered to be relatively high and some cases may in fact belong to misidentified subclades of Haplogroup GHIJK. (This followed the publication of: Haplogroup K2b (M1221/P331/PF5911) is also known as Haplogroup MPS. Links may not copy to new sheet. 1. It is a descendant haplogroup of Haplogroup R. It is maintained by Dr. Mannis Van Oven. Haplogroup F, also known as F-M89 and previously as Haplogroup FT is a very common Y-chromosome haplogroup. In a press release concerning a study by Karafet et al. The TMRCA of the F*-M89 cluster from Northeast Thailand has been estimated to be 6,492 years before present. Today, this lineage is found throughout much of East Asia. This ancient haplogroup may have first appeared in North Africa some 45,000 years before present. However, the location of this lineage's first expansion and rise to dominance appears to have been in India or somewhere close to it within South Asia or the Middle East; all of Haplogroup F's descendant haplogroups also show a pattern of radiation from South Asia (haplogroups H and K) or the Middle East (haplogroups G and IJ). Its highest frequencies there are toward the coast. From Asia, groups that included this line traveled south along the Pacific coast of Asia. [2][26], F2 Y-chromosomes have been reported among minorities from the borderlands of South China (Yunnan and Guizhou), Thailand, Burma, and Vietnam, namely the Yi and Kucong or Lahu Shi ("Yellow Lahu"), a subgroup of the Lahu.[27]. This article is about the human Y-DNA haplogroup. Haplogroup S, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1a. It is present in Southeast Asia and on the island of Madagascar. [9] It also appears to have long been present in South East Asia. Men originating in Indonesia have also been reported to carry F(xG,H,I,J,K) – especially F-M89* – at relatively significant levels. Its main branch, macro-haplogroup IJK would become the ancestor of 80% of modern Eurasian people. This line has a wide distribution along the Pacific coast. It is most common in Sri Lanka. The current version is a revision of the 2010 update. A draft tree that shows emerging science is provided by Thomas Krahn at the Genomic Research Center in Houston, Texas. It is part of isolated populations in the Middle East. It was likely born in the Central Asia around 43,000 years ago. The F haplogroup is fairly common in East Asia. E1b1b-M34 is another important Arabic lineage, being found in 25% of Jordanians and 10% of Saudis. The descendants of F are found mostly in populations speaking Dravidian, Indo-European, Sino-Tibetan and Tibeto-Burman and Turkic languages, throughout Eurasia. Approximately 90% of pre-Columbian Native Americans belonged to haplogroup Q, and all descend from the branch Q1a2a1 (L54), including various subclades of Q1a2a1a1 (M3) and Q1a2a1a2 (Z780). (View in new tab.). PLACE OF ORIGIN: Africa. Y-DNA Haplogroup F and its Subclades - 2019-2020: 3. Your email address will not be published. Each build is a major update to the tree. It shows its greatest diversity in Vietnam, where it is about 32 percent of the population. he Genomic Research Center's draft tree for haplogroup F-M89 is as follows. I1b's progeny can be found in modern day Greece, and less frequently in other areas of southern Europe. Note: GenBank results currently use Phylotree build 16. One study, which did not comprehensively screen for other subclades of F-M89 (including some subclades of GHIJK), found that Indonesian men with the SNP P14/PF2704 (which is equivalent to M89), comprise 1.8% of men in West Timor, 1.5% of Flores 5.4% of Lembata 2.3% of Sulawesi and 0.2% in Sumatra. (2008), Michael Hammer, revised the dates for the origin Haplogroup … They published a joint paper that created a single new tree that all agreed to use. Several li… [19] F(xG,H,I,J,K) may have been found in Bronze Age remains from Europe, namely the individuals known as DEB 20 and DEB 38, who lived about 7,000–7,210 BP, and were found at the Derenburg Meerenstieg II site in Germany. Today this lineage makes up almost 11 percent of populations in China and over 25 percent of all Southeast Asians. The newly defined and rare subclade F3 (M481; previously F5) has been found in India and Nepal, among the Tharu people and in Andhra Pradesh. Subclades of F-M89 associated with this hypothetical "Back to Africa" migration include J, R1b, and T. The vast majority of living individuals carrying F-M89 belong to subclades of GHIJK. Haplogroup Qis found predominantly in Central Siberia, Central Asia and among Native Americans. Haplogroup F also known as F-M89 and its sub-clades compose of more than 90 % of the male population including almost everyone outside Africa. 7. Haplogroup F, also known as F-M89 and previously as Haplogroup FT is a very common Y-chromosome haplogroup. It is a child of haplogroup R9. K-M2313*, which as yet has no phylogenetic name, has been documented in two living individuals, who have ethnic ties to India and South East Asia. [15], There is also evidence of westward Paleolithic back-migration of F(xG,H,I,J,K) from South Asia, to Iran, Arabia and North East Africa,[16][17] as well as South-East Europe. This was, for instance, the case with the subclade Haplogroup H2 (P96), which was originally named "F3", i.e – a name that has since been reassigned to F-M481. It is sometimes believed to represent a "second-wave" of expansion out of Africa. Origin Haplogroup H is a descendant of haplogroup HV.The Cambridge Reference Sequence (CRS), the human mitochondrial sequence to which all other sequences are compared, belongs to haplogroup H2a2a. ESTIMATED NUMBER OF HOMO SAPIENS: TENS OF THOUSANDS. It has a decreased frequency distribution farther from Southeast Asia. Similarly, three sets of remains from Hungary were not tested for all subclades of GHIJK: BAM 17, BAM 26 (both from Alsónyék Bátaszék, circa 7,850–7,675 years BP) and TOLM 3 (7,030–7,230 BP, found in Tolna-Mözs). Other sources suggest that this ancient haplogroup may have first appeared in North Africa, the Levant, or the Arabian Peninsula, as much as 50,000 years ago (50,300±6500). [3] The location of this lineage's first expansion and rise to prevalence appears to have been in the Indian Subcontinent, or somewhere close to it, and most of the descendant subclades and haplogroups appear to have radiated outward from South Asia and/or neighbouring parts of the Middle East and Southeast Asia. Haplogroup G descends from macro-haplogroup F, which is thought to represent the second major migration of Homo sapiens out of Africa, at least 60,000 years ago. The possibility of an origin of L3 in Asia was also proposed by Cabrera et al. Behar et al., 2012b placed the birth of the F lineage between 37,378 and 48,500 years ago. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. Haplogroup P (P295) is also klnown as K2b2. 4. In human genetics, haplogroup F is a very common Y-chromosome haplogroup spanning all the continents. The error margin for the dates below is typically of +-5,000 years, but could even exceed that for older haplogroups. Nonethless, in 2015 Poznik and Underhill have claimed haplogroup E, arose outside Africa. The table below brings together all of these works at the point of the landmark 2002 YCC Tree. It is about 5 percent of population in both Korea and Japan. This is a list of haplogroups of notable people. [20] (An individual known to scholars as "Oase 1", who lived circa 37,800 years BP in Eastern Europe, was initially classified as belonging either to paragroup F(xGHIJK) or within K.[18] However, subsequent research has revealed that Oase 1 belonged to K2a*.[21]). DE is a clakya; within M168 with the other two major clades, C and F, considered to have a Eurasian origin. Haplogroup K2e (K-M147) was previously known as "Haplogroup X" and "K2a" (but is a sibling subclade of the present K2a). E is a clade of Haplogroup DE, with the other major clade, haplogroup D, being Asian. Haplogroup F is centered in Asia and appears in eastern China and Japan. (2012) showed a "greater genetic similarity" to "individuals from the modern Near East" than to modern Europeans. In addition to GenBank samples, listings below may include other samples published but not submitted to GenBank such as those from the HapMap project. 8. TIME OF EMERGENCE: 40,000 years ago. It is not found in the Americas. Some contemporary notable figures have made their test results public in the course of news programs about this topic. Haplogroup LT (L298/P326) is also known as Haplogroup K1. These subclades are also defined by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or unique event polymorphisms (UEPs). [18], Neolithic migration into Europe from Southwest Asia, by first wave of farmers in Europe has been put forward as the source of F and G2a found in European Neolithic remains, dating from circa 4000 BCE.
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