Radon is a radioactive, colorless, odorless, tasteless noble gas. Chemistry is a subdiscipline of science that deals with the study of matter and the substances that constitute it. Titanium is resistant to corrosion in sea water, aqua regia, and chlorine. Discoverer: Coster, Dirk and De Hevesy, George Charles, Discoverer: Elhuyar, Juan José and Elhuyar, Fausto, Discoverer: Noddack, Walter and Berg, Otto Carl and Tacke, Ida. It is a soft, silvery-white alkali metal. Like all alkali metals, lithium is highly reactive and flammable, and is stored in mineral oil. These two forces compete, leading to various stability of nuclei. Gold is a transition metal and a group 11 element. Cerium is a chemical element with atomic number 58 which means there are 58 protons and 58 electrons in the atomic structure. The name semiconductor comes from the fact that these materials  have an electrical conductivity between that of a metal, like copper, gold, etc. Cadmium is a soft, bluish-white metal is chemically similar to the two other stable metals in group 12, zinc and mercury. What is Discovery of the Neutron - Definition, What is Structure of the Neutron - Definition. Dysprosium is used for its high thermal neutron absorption cross-section in making control rods in nuclear reactors, for its high magnetic susceptibility in data storage applications. Because of its high chemical reactivity, barium is never found in nature as a free element. Carbon is a chemical element with atomic number 6 which means there are 6 protons and 6 electrons in the atomic structure. Americium is a transuranic member of the actinide series, in the periodic table located under the lanthanide element europium, and thus by analogy was named after the Americas. Rhodium is a chemical element with atomic number 45 which means there are 45 protons and 45 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Ytterbium is Yb. Einsteinium is a chemical element with atomic number 99 which means there are 99 protons and 99 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Polonium is Po. There are over 100 different borate minerals, but the most common are: borax, kernite, ulexite etc. Astatine is a chemical element with atomic number 85 which means there are 85 protons and 85 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Nickel is Ni. Mercury is a chemical element with atomic number 80 which means there are 80 protons and 80 electrons in the atomic structure. Thorium is moderately hard, malleable, and has a high melting point. Rh: Definition. The chemical symbol for Palladium is Pd. It rarely occurs in its elemental state or as pure ore compounds in the Earth’s crust. Thulium is an easily workable metal with a bright silvery-gray luster. Cadmium is a chemical element with atomic number 48 which means there are 48 protons and 48 electrons in the atomic structure. Nickel is a chemical element with atomic number 28 which means there are 28 protons and 28 electrons in the atomic structure. Hafnium is a lustrous, silvery gray, tetravalent transition metal, hafnium chemically resembles zirconium and is found in many zirconium minerals. The chemical symbol for Caesium is Cs. Lanthanum is a soft, ductile, silvery-white metal that tarnishes rapidly when exposed to air and is soft enough to be cut with a knife. Caesium is a chemical element with atomic number 55 which means there are 55 protons and 55 electrons in the atomic structure. There are 14 general types of such patterns known as Bravais lattices. Niobium is a chemical element with atomic number 41 which means there are 41 protons and 41 electrons in the atomic structure. Search results for 61970-00-1 at Sigma-Aldrich. The chemical symbol for Uranium is U. The chemical symbol for Manganese is Mn. Niobium is a soft, grey, ductile transition metal, often found in the minerals pyrochlore (the main commercial source for niobium) and columbite. Uranium is weakly radioactive because all isotopes of uranium are unstable, with half-lives varying between 159,200 years and 4.5 billion years. The chemical symbol for Niobium is Nb. Term. There are only certain combinations of neutrons and protons, which forms stable nuclei. Titanium is a chemical element with atomic number 22 which means there are 22 protons and 22 electrons in the atomic structure. Nearly all technetium is produced synthetically, and only minute amounts are found in the Earth’s crust. This chart shows a plot of the known nuclides as a function of their atomic and neutron numbers. The three most common basic crystal patterns are: This website was founded as a non-profit project, build entirely by a group of nuclear engineers. The chemical symbol for Beryllium is Be. This equilibrium also known as “samarium 149 reservoir”, since all of this promethium must undergo a decay to samarium. Carbon is the 15th most abundant element in the Earth’s crust, and the fourth most abundant element in the universe by mass after hydrogen, helium, and oxygen. The chemical symbol for Helium is He. The chemical symbol for Selenium is Se. Mass was no longer considered unchangeable in the closed system. Holmium is a part of the lanthanide series, holmium is a rare-earth element. Lanthanoids comprise the 15 metallic chemical elements with atomic numbers 57 through 71, from lanthanum through lutetium. Like all elements with atomic number over 100, lawrencium can only be produced in particle accelerators by bombarding lighter elements with charged particles. Naturally occurring potassium is composed of three isotopes, of which 40K is radioactive. Oxygen is a colourless, odourless reactive gas, the chemical element of atomic number 8 and the life-supporting component of the air. Note that, electrical resistivity is not the same as electrical resistance. What is Chemistry? Iron is a metal in the first transition series. Noble Gas Elements Notation; Shared Flashcard Set. Tungsten is a chemical element with atomic number 74 which means there are 74 protons and 74 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Radium is Ra. The atomic mass or relative isotopic mass refers to the mass of a single particle, and therefore is tied to a certain specific isotope of an element. As a result, as the number of protons increases, an increasing ratio of neutrons to protons is needed to form a stable nucleus. Subject. Chemistry. In the periodic table, potassium is one of the alkali metals. The chemical symbol for Holmium is Ho. Cobalt is a chemical element with atomic number 27 which means there are 27 protons and 27 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Silver is Ag. The chemical symbol for Technetium is Tc. Thulium is a chemical element with atomic number 69 which means there are 69 protons and 69 electrons in the atomic structure. The elemental metal is rarely found in nature, but once isolated artificially, the formation of an oxide layer (passivation) stabilizes the free metal somewhat against further oxidation. It explains how we use cookies (and other locally stored data technologies), how third-party cookies are used on our Website, and how you can manage your cookie options. Under normal conditions, sulfur atoms form cyclic octatomic molecules with a chemical formula S8. It occurs on Earth as the decay product of various heavier elements. Neodymium is a soft silvery metal that tarnishes in air. Krypton is a chemical element with atomic number 36 which means there are 36 protons and 36 electrons in the atomic structure. Lead is widely used as a gamma shield. Mercury is a heavy, silvery d-block element, mercury is the only metallic element that is liquid at standard conditions for temperature and pressure. The chemical symbol for Aluminum is Al. The chemical symbol for Thorium is Th. Tungsten is an intrinsically brittle and hard material, making it difficult to work. Ruthenium is a chemical element with atomic number 44 which means there are 44 protons and 44 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Bromine is Br. Its physical and chemical properties are most similar to its heavier homologues strontium and barium. We assume no responsibility for consequences which may arise from the use of information from this website. It is by mass the most common element on Earth, forming much of Earth’s outer and inner core. Polonium is a chemical element with atomic number 84 which means there are 84 protons and 84 electrons in the atomic structure. Tellurium is far more common in the universe as a whole than on Earth. Discoverer: Marinsky, Jacob A. and Coryell, Charles D. and Glendenin, Lawerence. Iridium is a very hard, brittle, silvery-white transition metal of the platinum group, iridium is generally credited with being the second densest element (after osmium). Elemental rubidium is highly reactive, with properties similar to those of other alkali metals, including rapid oxidation in air. Fluorine is a chemical element with atomic number 9 which means there are 9 protons and 9 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Cobalt is Co. Cobalt is found in the Earth’s crust only in chemically combined form, save for small deposits found in alloys of natural meteoric iron. Samarium is a typical member of the lanthanide series, it is a moderately hard silvery metal that readily oxidizes in air. For example, the neutron number of uranium-238 is 238-92=146. It is the fourth most common element in the Earth’s crust. Silicon is a chemical element with atomic number 14 which means there are 14 protons and 14 electrons in the atomic structure. The SI unit of electrical resistivity is the ohm-metre (Ω⋅m). The information contained in this website is for general information purposes only. Under standard conditions, it is the lightest metal and the lightest solid element. Discoverer: Corson, Dale R. and Mackenzie, K. R. The actinide or actinoid series encompasses the 15 metallic chemical elements with atomic numbers from 89 to 103, actinium through lawrencium. The Cookies Statement is part of our Privacy Policy. Uranium is a chemical element with atomic number 92 which means there are 92 protons and 92 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Sulfur is S. Sulfur is abundant, multivalent, and nonmetallic. Tin is a post-transition metal in group 14 of the periodic table. Its density is about 70% higher than that of lead, and slightly lower than that of gold or tungsten. The chemical symbol for Chromium is Cr. Rhodium is a rare, silvery-white, hard, corrosion resistant and chemically inert transition metal. Technetium is the lightest element whose isotopes are all radioactive; none are stable. The chemical symbol for Gallium is Ga. Gallium has similarities to the other metals of the group, aluminium, indium, and thallium. It is a noble metal and a member of the platinum group. Discoverer: Corson, Dale R. and Mackenzie, K. R. The actinide or actinoid series encompasses the 15 metallic chemical elements with atomic numbers from 89 to 103, actinium through lawrencium. While resistivity is a material property, resistance is the property of an object. Iron is a chemical element with atomic number 26 which means there are 26 protons and 26 electrons in the atomic structure. Zirconium is a lustrous, grey-white, strong transition metal that resembles hafnium and, to a lesser extent, titanium. The bulk properties of astatine are not known with any certainty. Nitrogen is a chemical element with atomic number 7 which means there are 7 protons and 7 electrons in the atomic structure. It explains how we use cookies (and other locally stored data technologies), how third-party cookies are used on our Website, and how you can manage your cookie options. Cerium is a soft, ductile and silvery-white metal that tarnishes when exposed to air, and it is soft enough to be cut with a knife. Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers. Discoverer: Scientists at Dubna, Russia (1964)/Albert Ghiorso et. The name xenon for this gas comes from the Greek word ξένον [xenon], neuter singular form of ξένος [xenos], meaning ‘foreign(er)’, ‘strange(r)’, or ‘guest’. Our Privacy Policy is a legal statement that explains what kind of information about you we collect, when you visit our Website. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. The chemical symbol for Ruthenium is Ru. The chemical symbol for Antimony is Sb. See also: Atomic Mass Number – Does it conserve in a nuclear reaction? The chemical symbol for Actinium is Ac. Berkelium is a member of the actinide and transuranium element series. The chemical symbol for Boron is B. Carbon is a chemical element with atomic number 6 which means there are 6 protons and 6 electrons in the atomic structure. Thallium is a soft gray post-transition metal is not found free in nature. The chemical symbol for Lanthanum is La. These extra neutrons are necessary for stability of the heavier nuclei. If there are too many or too few neutrons for a given number of protons, the resulting nucleus is not stable and it undergoes radioactive decay. Unstable isotopes decay through various radioactive decay pathways, most commonly alpha decay, beta decay, gamma decay or electron capture. Units of measure have been defined for mass and energy on the atomic scale to make measurements more convenient to express. *Please select more than one item to compare Thorium is commonly found in monazite sands (rare earth metals containing phosphate mineral). All of the alkali metals have a single valence electron in the outer electron shell, which is easily removed to create an ion with a positive charge – a cation, which combines with anions to form salts. Although neodymium is classed as a rare earth, it is a fairly common element. Osmium is the densest naturally occurring element, with a density of 22.59 g/cm3. The chemical symbol for Hydrogen is H. With a standard atomic weight of circa 1.008, hydrogen is the lightest element on the periodic table. Hydrogen is a chemical element with atomic number 1 which means there are 1 protons and 1 electrons in the atomic structure.The chemical symbol for Hydrogen is H. With a standard atomic weight of circa 1.008, hydrogen is the lightest element on the periodic table. Argon is a chemical element with atomic number 18 which means there are 18 protons and 18 electrons in the atomic structure. For atoms with many electrons, this notation can become lengthy and so an abbreviated notation is used. Platinum is a dense, malleable, ductile, highly unreactive, precious, silverish-white transition metal. Chemically, indium is similar to gallium and thallium. Neon is a chemical element with atomic number 10 which means there are 10 protons and 10 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Silicon is Si. The chemical symbol for Lutetium is Lu. The chemical symbol for Iridium is Ir. Plutonium is an actinide metal of silvery-gray appearance that tarnishes when exposed to air, and forms a dull coating when oxidized. (1969), Discoverer: Scientists at Dubna, Russia (1967)/Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (1970), Discoverer: Armbruster, Paula and Muenzenberg, Dr. Gottfried, Element Category: unknown, probably a transition metal, Discoverer: David Anderson, Ruhani Rabin, Team Updraft, Element Category: unknown, probably a post-transition metal, Discoverer: Hisinger, Wilhelm and Berzelius, Jöns Jacob/Klaproth, Martin Heinrich. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Arsenic is a metalloid. The free element, produced by reductive smelting, is a hard, lustrous, silver-gray metal. In metals, and in many other solids, the atoms are arranged in regular arrays called crystals. For 12C the atomic mass is exactly 12u, since the atomic mass unit is defined from it. On the other hand, nuclei with an odd number of protons and neutrons are mostly unstable. The chemical symbol for Scandium is Sc. Palladium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium and osmium form a group of elements referred to as the platinum group metals (PGMs). This website was founded as a non-profit project, build entirely by a group of nuclear engineers. Lawrencium is the final member of the actinide series. The first alloy used on a large scale was bronze, made of tin and copper, from as early as 3000 BC. One unified atomic mass unit is approximately the mass of one nucleon (either a single proton or neutron) and is numerically equivalent to 1 g/mol. Bismuth is a brittle metal with a silvery white color when freshly produced, but surface oxidation can give it a pink tinge. Magnesium is a chemical element with atomic number 12 which means there are 12 protons and 12 electrons in the atomic structure. Neutron Number and Mass Number of Carbon. Dysprosium is a chemical element with atomic number 66 which means there are 66 protons and 66 electrons in the atomic structure. Substances in which electricity can flow are called conductors. The chemical symbol for Germanium is Ge. Noble gas is translated from the German noun Edelgas, first used in 1898 by Hugo Erdmann to indicate their extremely low level of reactivity. Rhenium is a silvery-white, heavy, third-row transition metal in group 7 of the periodic table. Compare Products: Select up to 4 products. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, inert, monatomic gas, the first in the noble gas group in the periodic table. Nickel is a silvery-white lustrous metal with a slight golden tinge. Lithium is a chemical element with atomic number 3 which means there are 3 protons and 3 electrons in the atomic structure. Heavy nuclei with an even number of protons and an even number of neutrons are (due to Pauli exclusion principle) very stable thanks to the occurrence of ‘paired spin’. Germanium is a lustrous, hard, grayish-white metalloid in the carbon group, chemically similar to its group neighbors tin and silicon. The chemical symbol for Gadolinium is Gd. The forces of chemical bonding causes this repetition. Tantalum is a rare, hard, blue-gray, lustrous transition metal that is highly corrosion-resistant. Its properties are thus intermediate between those of chlorine and iodine. The chemical symbol for Berkelium is Bk. These condensers use tubes that are usually made of stainless steel, copper alloys, or titanium depending on several selection criteria (such as thermal conductivity or corrosion resistance). Term. It is a member of the chalcogen group on the periodic table, a highly reactive nonmetal, and an oxidizing agent that readily forms oxides with most elements as well as with other compounds. Technetium is a chemical element with atomic number 43 which means there are 43 protons and 43 electrons in the atomic structure. Bromine is the third-lightest halogen, and is a fuming red-brown liquid at room temperature that evaporates readily to form a similarly coloured gas. It is the eponym of the lanthanide series, a group of 15 similar elements between lanthanum and lutetium in the periodic table, of which lanthanum is the first and the prototype. E. Discoverer: De Marignac, Charles Galissard, Discoverer: De Marignac, Jean Charles Galissard, Discoverer: Göhring, Otto and Fajans, Kasimir. Pure radium is silvery-white alkaline earth metal. The chemical symbol for Protactinium is Pa. Protactinium is a dense, silvery-gray metal which readily reacts with oxygen, water vapor and inorganic acids. Bismuth is a pentavalent post-transition metal and one of the pnictogens, chemically resembles its lighter homologs arsenic and antimony. Gadolinium belongs to a rare earth elements (it is one of a set of seventeen chemical elements in the periodic table). Very soft and malleable, indium has a melting point higher than sodium and gallium, but lower than lithium and tin. It is the fifth most abundant element in Earth’s crust and the third most abundant metal, after iron and aluminium. It is the heaviest essential mineral nutrient. Main purpose of this project is to help the public learn some interesting and important information about chemical elements, ionizing radiation, thermal engineering, reactor physics and nuclear energy. Neodymium is not found naturally in metallic form or unmixed with other lanthanides, and it is usually refined for general use. Thorium metal is silvery and tarnishes black when exposed to air, forming the dioxide. Yttrium is a chemical element with atomic number 39 which means there are 39 protons and 39 electrons in the atomic structure. Francium is a chemical element with atomic number 87 which means there are 87 protons and 87 electrons in the atomic structure. Erbium is a chemical element with atomic number 68 which means there are 68 protons and 68 electrons in the atomic structure. Scandium is a silvery-white metallic d-block element, it has historically been sometimes classified as a rare-earth element, together with yttrium and the lanthanides. Note that, each element may contain more isotopes, therefore this resulting atomic mass is calculated from naturally-occuring isotopes and their abundance. Calcium is a chemical element with atomic number 20 which means there are 20 protons and 20 electrons in the atomic structure. It is this repeated pattern which control properties like strength, ductility, density, conductivity (property of conducting or transmitting heat, electricity, etc. At 0.099%, phosphorus is the most abundant pnictogen in the Earth’s crust. Atomic nuclei consist of protons and neutrons, which attract each other through the nuclear force, while protons repel each other via the electric force due to their positive charge. The chemical symbol for Osmium is Os. Caesium is a soft, silvery-gold alkali metal with a melting point of 28.5 °C, which makes it one of only five elemental metals that are liquid at or near room temperature. Atomic Mass Number – Does it conserve in a nuclear reaction? Description. Like all elements with atomic number over 100, nobelium can only be produced in particle accelerators by bombarding lighter elements with charged particles. Chlorine is a chemical element with atomic number 17 which means there are 17 protons and 17 electrons in the atomic structure. Discoverer: McMillan, Edwin M. and Abelson, Philip H. Discoverer: Glenn T. Seaborg, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edward M. McMillan, Arthur C. Wohl, Discoverer: Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso, Discoverer: Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Albert Ghiorso, Discoverer: Stanley G. Thompson, Glenn T. Seaborg, Kenneth Street, Jr., Albert Ghiorso, Discoverer: Stanley G. Thompson, Glenn T. Seaborg, Bernard G. Harvey, Gregory R. Choppin, Albert Ghiorso, Discoverer: Albert Ghiorso, Glenn T. Seaborg, Torbørn Sikkeland, John R. Walton, Discoverer: Albert Ghiorso, Torbjørn Sikkeland, Almon E. Larsh, Robert M. Latimer. Being a typical member of the lanthanide series, europium usually assumes the oxidation state +3. The chemical symbol for Calcium is Ca. The chemical symbol for Oxygen is O. Helium is a chemical element with atomic number 2 which means there are 2 protons and 2 electrons in the atomic structure. Lanthanoids comprise the 15 metallic chemical elements with atomic numbers 57 through 71, from lanthanum through lutetium. The chemical symbol for Neodymium is Nd. A colorless, odorless, tasteless noble gas, krypton occurs in trace amounts in the atmosphere and is often used with other rare gases in fluorescent lamps. Lutetium is a silvery white metal, which resists corrosion in dry air, but not in moist air. The chemical symbol for Krypton is Kr. Many other rare types of decay, such as spontaneous fission or neutron emission are known. The chemical symbol for Nobelium is No. Radon is a chemical element with atomic number 86 which means there are 86 protons and 86 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Molybdenum is Mo. Because of its closed-shell electron configuration, its density and melting and boiling points differ significantly from those of most other lanthanides. Rhenium is a chemical element with atomic number 75 which means there are 75 protons and 75 electrons in the atomic structure. Pure germanium is a semiconductor with an appearance similar to elemental silicon. The chemical symbol for Erbium is Er. Commercially, thallium is produced as a byproduct from refining of heavy metal sulfide ores. The chemical symbol for Rhenium is Re. The information contained in this website is for general information purposes only. Gold is a bright, slightly reddish yellow, dense, soft, malleable, and ductile metal. Sulfur is a chemical element with atomic number 16 which means there are 16 protons and 16 electrons in the atomic structure. Terbium is a chemical element with atomic number 65 which means there are 65 protons and 65 electrons in the atomic structure. Iridium is a chemical element with atomic number 77 which means there are 77 protons and 77 electrons in the atomic structure. For example, actinides with odd neutron number are usually fissile (fissionable with slow neutrons) while actinides with even neutron number are usually not fissile (but are fissionable with fast neutrons). Its monatomic form (H) is the most abundant chemical substance in the Universe, constituting roughly 75% of all … The chemical symbol for Lithium is Li. In nuclear industry cadmium is commonly used as a thermal neutron absorber due to very high neutron absorption cross-section of 113Cd. It is an extremely reactive element and a strong oxidising agent: among the elements, it has the highest electron affinity and the third-highest electronegativity, behind only oxygen and fluorine. The chemical symbol for Tin is Sn. Copper is a soft, malleable, and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. 1) You may use almost everything for non-commercial and educational use. In nuclear industry, especially natural and artificial samarium 149 has an important impact on the operation of a nuclear reactor. Platinum is one of the least reactive metals. Antimony is a lustrous gray metalloid, it is found in nature mainly as the sulfide mineral stibnite. Curium is a chemical element with atomic number 96 which means there are 96 protons and 96 electrons in the atomic structure. Erbium is a silvery-white solid metal when artificially isolated, natural erbium is always found in chemical combination with other elements. Bromine is a chemical element with atomic number 35 which means there are 35 protons and 35 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Promethium is Pm. Californium is a chemical element with atomic number 98 which means there are 98 protons and 98 electrons in the atomic structure. Lead is soft and malleable, and has a relatively low melting point. The chemical symbol for Tellurium is Te. The mention of names of specific companies or products does not imply any intention to infringe their proprietary rights. The chemical symbol for Strontium is Sr. Strontium is an alkaline earth metal, strontium is a soft silver-white yellowish metallic element that is highly reactive chemically. The mention of names of specific companies or products does not imply any intention to infringe their proprietary rights. The chemical symbol for Zirconium is Zr. The name samarium is after the mineral samarskite from which it was isolated. Each nuclide is denoted by chemical symbol of the element (this specifies Z) with tha atomic mass number as supescript. The chemical symbol for Samarium is Sm. Copper is a chemical element with atomic number 29 which means there are 29 protons and 29 electrons in the atomic structure. W: Definition. (1969), Discoverer: Scientists at Dubna, Russia (1967)/Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (1970), Discoverer: Armbruster, Paula and Muenzenberg, Dr. Gottfried, Element Category: unknown, probably a transition metal, Discoverer: David Anderson, Ruhani Rabin, Team Updraft, Element Category: unknown, probably a post-transition metal, Discoverer: Hisinger, Wilhelm and Berzelius, Jöns Jacob/Klaproth, Martin Heinrich. Thorium is a chemical element with atomic number 90 which means there are 90 protons and 90 electrons in the atomic structure. Discoverer: Davy, Sir H. and Thénard, L.-J. Ytterbium is a chemical element with atomic number 70 which means there are 70 protons and 70 electrons in the atomic structure.
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